Showing posts with label Wonders. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Wonders. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

Prambanan Temple

This temple is the biggest Hindu temple in Central Java and Yogyakarta that has a main temple looks like Gunungan (mount at leather puppet shadow play) as high as 47 meters. As Hindu temple, the main temple has three shrines, dedicated to the Hindu Trinity; Ciwa, Whisnu, and Brahma. Each of this shrines facing to a smaller shrines for their vehicles. The cow Nandi is the vehicle of Ciwa, the destroyer god, and eagle Garuda is the vehicle of Whisnu, the creator god, and the swan Angsa is the vehicle of Brahma, the guardian god.

Entering the main temple from the north, one will find a statue of a very beautiful princess, Roro Jonggrang. According to the legend, Roro Jonggrang was daughter of King Boko who was cursed into a statue. The legend says that a young powerful man named Bandung Bondowoso wants to marry Roro Jonggrang. Since she does not love him, Roro Jonggrang tries to avoid the marriage by asking for Bandung Bondowoso can build a thousand temples in one night. Having supernatural power, Bandung Bondowoso was almost successfully finishing the task. But Roro Jonggrang still tries to prevent the good work. She ask the maidens east of the village of the temples to burn the hay and pound the rice, so that cause the situation like dawn and time for sunrise. When the cook begin to crow, all the supernatural being flee because they think the dawn has come. Being unable to control his anger, Bandung Bondowoso curses Roro Jonggrang into a statue that now complete the temple.

Relief depicting the heavenly creatures were carved around the foot of the Civa temple symbolizing the cosmic system. Entering the temple from the south and walking around the sub base of the temple with the main shrine on your right (Pradaksina) one will see the whole relief of the Story of Ramayana. The story ends at the relief carved on the balustrade of Brahma temple. The story of Kresnadwipayana which tells the childhood of Prabu Kresna, can be seen on the balustrade of Whisnu temple.

HISTORY
A 47 meters high Hindu temple was built by Sanjaya Dynasty in the 9 th century. It consists of three courtyards. The main temple is located in the inner courtyard and surrounded by several small temples called "Perwara" temples. Some of these were contributed by local chieftains as a token of their acquiescence to the king.

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Monday, March 9, 2009

The Great Wall Of China

The great wall of China is a place of defense for the borders of the northern and northwestern parts of China. The wall runs along the east to the area surrounding Goadai, Gansu Province. On the west there is an inner wall running from the surrounding area of Beijing almost to Hadan.

The largest portion of the wall was erected by Shih Huang Ti. He was the first emperor of the Ch'in Dynasty. It was made for defense against raids by nomadic people.

Work on the wall started about 221 B.C, after Shih Huang Ti had united China. It was finished by about 204 B.C. Small sections of the wall might have already existed, but Shih Huang Ti is supposed to have had about 1900 km (about 1200 mi) of the wall erected during his rein. In later centuries, especially during the period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D 1368-1644), the Great Wall was repaired and extended. The fortification finally reached a length of about 2400 km (1500 mi). It follows the courses of rivers instead of bridging them. It conforms to the contours of the mountains and valleys in its way.

The wall is built of earth and stone. There is brick on the east side of the wall. It is from 4.6 to 9.1 m thick at the base and tapers to about 7.6 m.

There is no wonder why I chose The Great Wall Of China as my own wonder. Did you know that you can even see "The Wall" from outer space?
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7 Wonders of the World

Only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" still exists: Egypt's Pyramids at Giza. The other ancient wonders are long gone, their glories all broken by the Earth and lost to time.

Now, Egyptian officials seem worried about losing their wonder, too. Not because the pyramids are in danger of crumbling--they've stood tall for 46 centuries--but because there's a move afoot to name the "New Seven Wonders" of the world, and the pyramids are only one of 21 finalists being put to a worldwide web vote.

Egypt views the entire idea as an affront to the pyramids. "They are the only one of the seven wonders that still exists," said Egypt's antiquities chief. "They don't need to be put to a vote." But there are some pretty wondrous wonders on the new list--like the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal, the Acropolis, the Statue of Liberty, and Stonehenge.

We'll tell you how to register your own vote for the "New Seven Wonders" below. But first, we have to ask you, can you name the old seven wonders? Knowing them just might sway your vote for today's short list. Let's see, after the Pyramids of Giza come the . . .

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Bible readers know Nebuchadnezzar II as the king who, in 587 BC, destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem and forced the Jews into exile in Babylonia. But ancient tourists knew him as the man behind Babylon's Hanging Gardens. Built around 600 BC, the gardens grew on the roof of a terraced structure within his palace walls, irrigated by pumps that drew water up from the Euphrates. Today, Babylon is a ruin near Baghdad, and no definitive trace of the gardens has ever been found.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

The Ephesians erected their great temple for Apollo's twin sister Artemis around 550 BC. They rebuilt it after 356 BC, when a terrorist bent on fame set it ablaze. Located in today's Turkey, across the Aegean Sea from Athens, the temple drew many Greeks bearing gifts. They marveled at its size--imagine a football field surrounded by marble--and at the art inside. Little remains of the temple today, just fragments at the site and in museums.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

When Olympia, home of the Olympic Games in western Greece, beheld the Temple of Artemis, its citizens said, "We'll see your Artemis and raise you a statue of Zeus." By 435 BC, the famed Greek sculptor Phidias was pounding the last plates of gold and ivory into place on a 40-foot (12-meter) statue of Zeus, seated on a cedarwood throne. No one knows what became of the thunder god's likeness, but we have found the workshop Phidias used to make it.

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus

South of Ephesus, at Halicarnassus, ruled Mausolus, a Persian satrap who admired the Greek way of life. So, when Mausolus died in 353 BC, his sister-widow-queen, Artemisia, built him the most opulent Greek tomb around. It was 135 feet (40 meters) tall, adorned on every side with sculpture, and capped with a pyramidal roof. An earthquake brought the tomb down in medieval times, and Mausolus's memory now survives mainly in the word mausoleum.

Colossus of Rhodes

On the Greek island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean Sea, workers made wonder out of war. An army had besieged the island's capital. But Rhodes resisted for a year, and the army left. So the Rhodians reforged the army's abandoned bronze and iron weapons and sold its siege equipment to make a colossus: a 110-foot (34-meter) statue of the sun god Helios. By 280 BC, it stood tall on a marble pedestal near the harbor--until an earthquake toppled it just 56 years later.

Lighthouse of Alexandria

In the Egyptian port of Alexandria, few would have been overawed by Rhodes's colossus. For in Alexandria's harbor, on a small island named Pharos, stood the original lighthouse. It was made around the same time as Rhodes's statue, but dwarfed it. It stood 384 feet (117 meters) high--some say higher. Fires burned at the top at night, and bronze mirrors reflected sunlight during the day. It stood until the 14th century, when earthquakes ruined it, too.

Pyramids of Giza

Of course, we've already mentioned Egypt's three Pyramids of Giza, the only ancient wonder still standing today. But they are in a class by themselves in practically every other way as well. The largest and oldest of the three, the Great Pyramid, was built for the pharaoh Khufu (called Cheops by the Greeks) in the 26th century BC. That makes it 2,000 years older than any other wonder on the list.

The Great Pyramid climbs more than 450 feet (138 meters) into the sky--high enough to make it the tallest structure on Earth for almost 4,000 years, until European cathedrals started reaching for heaven. It's made up of about 2.3 million massive blocks of stone, weighing perhaps 6 million tons all told. Some have described it as "the most colossal single building ever erected on the planet." Now that's a wonder for any list, old or new.

--Michael Himick

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